熱軋滑輪工藝

　　滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪制(zhi)造工(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)　　一(yi)．選(xuan)材(cai)：　　滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪板(ban)采用(yong)Q345號(hao)鋼；內(nei)圈采用(yong)20號(hao)鋼鍛打件。　　二．流程(cheng)　　1．下(xia)料：使用(yong)仿形割刀，割滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪片外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓、內(nei)孔以(yi)及工(gong)藝(yi)孔。　　2．車(che)板(ban)：上(shang)車(che)床(chuang)車(che)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓、內(nei)孔以(yi)及內(nei)孔倒(dao)角。　　3．整(zheng)板(ban)：在進(jin)板(ban)材(cai)時(shi)，對(dui)板(ban)材(cai)的平整(zheng)度控制(zhi)，下(xia)料后仍(reng)需對(dui)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪片進(jin)行(xing)(xing)平整(zheng)，以(yi)確保軋(ya)制(zhi)的精準(zhun)度。　　4．軋(ya)制(zhi)：按(an)照圖(tu)紙(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)熱軋(ya)。　　5．焊接：采用(yong)50-6氣體(ti)保護焊絲進(jin)行(xing)(xing)焊接。　　6．粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)：外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓內(nei)孔放余量。　　7．拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)：對(dui)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪外(wai)(wai)(wai)表進(jin)行(xing)(xing)拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)處(chu)理，且去(qu)除繩槽(cao)內(nei)熱軋(ya)時(shi)生成(cheng)的氧化層（以(yi)便淬(cui)火(huo)處(chu)理時(shi)，達(da)到(dao)(dao)更好(hao)的效果）。　　8．高(gao)頻(pin)淬(cui)火(huo)：對(dui)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪繩槽(cao)內(nei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)高(gao)頻(pin)淬(cui)火(huo)處(chu)理，使繩槽(cao)表面硬度達(da)到(dao)(dao)技術要(yao)求(qiu)（HB280-HB320）。　　9．精加(jia)工(gong)：按(an)圖(tu)紙(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)精加(jia)工(gong)到(dao)(dao)位(wei)。　　10．產品自(zi)(zi)檢(jian)：按(an)標準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)自(zi)(zi)檢(jian)，出自(zi)(zi)檢(jian)報(bao)告。　　11．油漆：底(di)漆+面漆。　　三．出廠　　提供產品合(he)格證(zheng)以(yi)及自(zi)(zi)檢(jian)報(bao)告。　　滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪淬(cui)火(huo)中　　

起重機三(san)大構件(jian)常見(jian)問題及(ji)安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)方(fang)法

　　起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三大(da)(da)(da)構件(jian)是(shi)(shi)指吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)。這三大(da)(da)(da)構件(jian)一(yi)(yi)旦出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，極易造(zao)(zao)成吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)物墜落，甚至(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷亡事故。　　吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)千斤繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)鉤(gou)(gou)，也就是(shi)(shi)當(dang)物體***不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好，千斤繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)角(jiao)超過(guo)120度(du)，或(huo)(huo)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)運(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鉤(gou)(gou)側(ce)向被碰(peng)(peng)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物底部(bu)受擱時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千斤繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會從(cong)(cong)鉤(gou)(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)拽出(chu)。另外(wai)(wai)，由于吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)系(xi)(xi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)灰鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵或(huo)(huo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)材料制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)，其(qi)脆性(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耐碰(peng)(peng)，易破(po)(po)裂，因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)物過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)果場地窄小或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，滑(hua)輪會因碰(peng)(peng)撞而(er)(er)受損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。一(yi)(yi)旦滑(hua)輪受損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)，其(qi)輪緣破(po)(po)口會造(zao)(zao)成對(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)割，甚至(zhi)(zhi)切(qie)斷鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)引發(fa)(fa)(fa)事故。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)未及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)給吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)滑(hua)輪加油(you)，滑(hua)輪可因轉動(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)靈活而(er)(er)導致(zhi)(zhi)槽(cao)底磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量超標(biao)，久之，滑(hua)輪會半(ban)裂開來，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)就會在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)行中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)行事故。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)，當(dang)槽(cao)底磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量增大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，會使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嵌入量國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深，增大(da)(da)(da)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)阻力(li)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)導致(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嵌入量加深，增大(da)(da)(da)阻力(li)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)導致(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)拉毛而(er)(er)加速報廢(fei)。　　起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)三大(da)(da)(da)構件(jian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見問(wen)題(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方法(fa)(fa)　　鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見問(wen)題(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)以(yi)人(ren)為因素較(jiao)多(duo)。例如(ru)(ru)(ru)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)設備及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建筑物經(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、刮(gua)碰(peng)(peng)，導致(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)(wai)層局部(bu)斷絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、變(bian)形(xing)；操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)卷筒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)卷筒上(shang)多(duo)層卷繞混(hun)亂(luan)；吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)空中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)打轉，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)扭結(jie)；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)缺油(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)表面(mian)銹蝕(shi)；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)受到高(gao)溫灼烤以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)碰(peng)(peng)到電(dian)(dian)力(li)高(gao)壓(ya)線而(er)(er)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)等(deng)(deng)也是(shi)(shi)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)因。　　制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)有(you)：制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)主彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞或(huo)(huo)調(diao)節過(guo)松(song)(song)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)矩不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)閘瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)過(guo)度(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)露(lu)出(chu)帽釘，導致(zhi)(zhi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)剎不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)杠桿(gan)鎖緊(jin)螺母松(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)，杠桿(gan)竄(cuan)動(dong)(dong)，或(huo)(huo)杠桿(gan)系(xi)(xi)統各(ge)關節被卡(ka)住(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)影響抱閘；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)閘瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)開度(du)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)打開時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)閘瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)多(duo)達2至(zhi)(zhi)3mm，而(er)(er)另一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)產(chan)加瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)還(huan)貼在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪上(shang)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)閘瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)和制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)加快，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)載(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則無(wu)法(fa)(fa)剎住(zhu)(zhu)車。另外(wai)(wai)，剎車太緊(jin)也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因為當(dang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)打開間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)小于正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪轉動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)會增大(da)(da)(da)，往往會嗅到焦皮味，當(dang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)熱膨脹(zhang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，反而(er)(er)會剎不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu)(zhu)車而(er)(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)事故。　　要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)三大(da)(da)(da)構件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，防(fang)(fang)止意(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，這就要(yao)(yao)求每一(yi)(yi)個起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)位及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)必須做到：　　一(yi)(yi)、要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)脫(tuo)鉤(gou)(gou)裝置(zhi)完好，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)防(fang)(fang)碰(peng)(peng)撞；要(yao)(yao)勤給各(ge)潤(run)滑(hua)點加油(you)；發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)處裂紋、破(po)(po)口或(huo)(huo)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量超過(guo)標(biao)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更換(huan)滑(hua)輪。要(yao)(yao)勤檢(jian)查鉤(gou)(gou)身，發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)裂紋和鉤(gou)(gou)口磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量超過(guo)厚(hou)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開口度(du)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)改。值得(de)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)缺陷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)補(bu)焊處理(li)。　　二、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)避(bi)免銳(rui)角(jiao)曲折(zhe)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)、加速度(du)均(jun)需緩慢，防(fang)(fang)止鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)受力(li)過(guo)猛二崩斷。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)線旁(pang)邊(bian)作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)線保(bao)證(zheng)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)距離，防(fang)(fang)止鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)碰(peng)(peng)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)線而(er)(er)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。當(dang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)建筑物、設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尖角(jiao)接觸時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)墊上(shang)木塊。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)應(ying)(ying)整(zheng)齊排(pai)列在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)卷筒上(shang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)混(hun)亂(luan)，避(bi)免受壓(ya)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)邊(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)燒焊，防(fang)(fang)止高(gao)溫電(dian)(dian)弧和焊渣灼傷鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)采取長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)(fa)從(cong)(cong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。要(yao)(yao)加強鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)養，經(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)煤油(you)等(deng)(deng)清(qing)洗劑洗去鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)垢，并注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)將(jiang)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)蘸浸入鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)每天(tian)檢(jian)查一(yi)(yi)次鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)查鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、斷絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、腐蝕(shi)、直徑變(bian)化(hua)(hua)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)它物理(li)、化(hua)(hua)學變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，并注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)查繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固定狀況。　　三、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)認真檢(jian)查制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)運(yun)轉正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)，是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)卡(ka)塞，閘瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合適，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)倫(lun)表面(mian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)良好，調(diao)整(zheng)螺母是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)緊(jin)固。對(dui)(dui)于制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)每周應(ying)(ying)進(jin)行二次，但注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)沾(zhan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)摩擦(ca)(ca)部(bu)件(jian)上(shang)。若閘瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪、小軸、心軸等(deng)(deng)處磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量超標(biao)；主彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)、輔(fu)助彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)出(chu)現(xian)斷裂或(huo)(huo)塑性(xing)(xing)變(bian)形(xing)；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)處出(chu)現(xian)裂紋；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵、電(dian)(dian)力(li)液壓(ya)堆桿(gan)等(deng)(deng)出(chu)現(xian)故障時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，因及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修理(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)帶(dai)病運(yun)行，確(que)保(bao)安全(quan)。　　免責聲明：本文(wen)援引自(zi)廠商或(huo)(huo)其(qi)他媒體，與(yu)新鄉市昊達機(ji)(ji)(ji)械制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)有(you)限公司(si)無(wu)關。其(qi)原(yuan)創性(xing)(xing)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陳述文(wen)字(zi)和內(nei)容未經(jing)本站證(zheng)實(shi)(shi)，對(dui)(dui)本文(wen)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)部(bu)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)部(bu)分內(nei)容、文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)、完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing)、及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)本站不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)任何保(bao)證(zheng)或(huo)(huo)承(cheng)諾，請(qing)讀者(zhe)僅作(zuo)參考，并請(qing)自(zi)行核實(shi)(shi)相關內(nei)容!　　

緩沖器在起(qi)重機中的(de)應用

　　懸臂吊是(shi)(shi)現代(dai)生(sheng)產中的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)設(she)(she)備，為了(le)確保起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)，必需要(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)一些配(pei)件來(lai)削減(jian)甚(shen)至避(bi)免事端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發作(zuo)(zuo)，下面就和我們說(shuo)說(shuo)各種(zhong)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。　　緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)上能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)由于(yu)慣性而發作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動能(neng)(neng)，削減(jian)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)，避(bi)免磕碰(peng)等事端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發作(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)同一軌道上運(yun)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)間以(yi)及在(zai)同一橋架(jia)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙小車之(zhi)(zhi)間也應當(dang)設(she)(she)置(zhi)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)較(jiao)多，并且效(xiao)果(guo)也不相同。　　一、實體緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)　　1、橡膠緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：這種(zhong)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)構造簡略，但它所能(neng)(neng)吸收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量較(jiao)小，通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)速度(du)(du)不超越50/min的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合，首要(yao)起(qi)(qi)到(dao)阻撓(nao)效(xiao)果(guo)。　　2、聚氨(an)酯(zhi)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：聚氨(an)酯(zhi)泡(pao)沫塑料緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸收(shou)(shou)能(neng)(neng)量大，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)性能(neng)(neng)好(hao)，耐油、耐老(lao)化、耐酸、耐腐蝕、耐高溫低溫，絕緣又防爆等運(yun)用(yong)(yong)廣泛。　　二、繃(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)　　繃(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)首要(yao)由碰(peng)頭、繃(beng)簧(huang)和殼(ke)體構成。其(qi)(qi)(qi)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)組織比較(jiao)簡略，運(yun)用(yong)(yong)牢(lao)靠。當(dang)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)撞到(dao)繃(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)時(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)量首要(yao)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為繃(beng)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊縮能(neng)(neng)。通過改善的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶止彈組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)繃(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)避(bi)免反彈力(li)。　　三、液壓緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)　　當(dang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遭到(dao)磕碰(peng)壓力(li)時(shi)，動能(neng)(neng)經塞(sai)(sai)頭和加快繃(beng)簧(huang)轉(zhuan)給活塞(sai)(sai)，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)向右運(yun)動。本來(lai)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)腔內裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有一個復位繃(beng)簧(huang)、頂桿(gan)以(yi)及油液。活塞(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動揉捏工作(zuo)(zuo)腔內的(de)(de)(de)(de)油液，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)復位繃(beng)簧(huang)緊縮，一起(qi)(qi)使(shi)油液從活塞(sai)(sai)與頂桿(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形空隙揉捏出來(lai)，進(jin)入貯油腔。　　除了(le)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)外，還有許多設(she)(she)備都是(shi)(shi)為了(le)維護(hu)(hu)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)設(she)(she)備而裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。此外，為了(le)確保安全(quan)必需要(yao)恪守操作(zuo)(zuo)規矩，做好(hao)自我維護(hu)(hu)措施，將風險(xian)度(du)(du)降到(dao)***低　　

起重機各部位配(pei)件報廢標(biao)準

　　制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)爪痕(hen)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)或(huo)徑(jing)(jing)向磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)1.5mm時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)重新車(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)熱(re)處(chu)理。起升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)其(qi)(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)量(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)40%時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)；運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)其(qi)(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)量(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。　　橋(qiao)式(shi)起重機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大修包括的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容有(you)哪(na)些(xie)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：大修包括：機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)：各(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)解(jie)，包括減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)、聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)、卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)組、車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)組和(he)(he)(he)取物裝(zhuang)置等，更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件，清洗(xi)后(hou)(hou)重新裝(zhuang)配并(bing)加油潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)。更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)及(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)。　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)：要分(fen)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，烘干(gan)、組裝(zhuang)并(bing)加油潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)。更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)打開裝(zhuang)置，更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，檢(jian)修或(huo)更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)保護柜，更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，重新配線(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)裝(zhuang)，更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)照明信(xin)號(hao)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)。　　金屬結構(gou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)：對(dui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)撓(nao)、旁彎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)梁進(jin)行(xing)(xing)矯正和(he)(he)(he)加固(gu)，對(dui)整臺起重機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要清洗(xi)干(gan)凈并(bing)重涂防(fang)(fang)銹(xiu)漆兩(liang)遍。　　車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：當(dang)(dang)(dang)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)列情況(kuang)之(zhi)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：(1)有(you)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。(2)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)緣(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%。(3)踏(ta)面(mian)(mian)(mian)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15%。(4)當(dang)(dang)(dang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)50m/min，線(xian)(xian)(xian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)廓度(du)(du)(du)達(da)1mm；或(huo)當(dang)(dang)(dang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)50m/min，線(xian)(xian)(xian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)廓度(du)(du)(du)達(da)0.5mm。(5)踏(ta)面(mian)(mian)(mian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)麻點(dian)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)直徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)(yu)500mm，麻點(dian)直徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)1mm；或(huo)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)直徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)500mm，麻點(dian)直徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)1.5mm，且深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)大于(yu)(yu)3mm，數量(liang)(liang)多于(yu)(yu)5處(chu)。　　吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)放到***低(di)(di)位置時(shi)(shi)(shi)，卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)各(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保留多少圈鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)？為什(shen)(shen)么(me)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：1)當(dang)(dang)(dang)吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)放到***低(di)(di)位置時(shi)(shi)(shi)，卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)***少各(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保留兩(liang)圈以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，　　2)因(yin)(yin)為鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)壓(ya)板(ban)固(gu)定在卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只有(you)保留兩(liang)圈以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，才能(neng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)與(yu)(yu)卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)個很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦力(li)，減(jian)小壓(ya)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉(la)力(li)，防(fang)(fang)止吊(diao)著負荷時(shi)(shi)(shi)將鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)從壓(ya)板(ban)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)抽出(chu)(chu)或(huo)將壓(ya)板(ban)螺(luo)(luo)釘拉(la)斷而發生(sheng)事(shi)故。　　齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)迅速(su)(su)(su)(su)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)及(ji)(ji)提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：答(da)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)迅速(su)(su)(su)(su)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)如下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)：　　1)安(an)裝(zhuang)精度(du)(du)(du)差，兩(liang)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏移大，內外(wai)齒(chi)(chi)嚙(nie)合(he)不(bu)(bu)正，局(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)接(jie)觸(chu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)大。　　2)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)，由于(yu)(yu)它是(shi)(shi)(shi)無相對(dui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)形(xing)式(shi)，油脂被(bei)(bei)擠出(chu)(chu)后(hou)(hou)無法自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)補充，故可(ke)(ke)能(neng)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)干(gan)摩擦狀態傳遞(di)力(li)矩，因(yin)(yin)而加速(su)(su)(su)(su)了(le)(le)齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)和(he)(he)(he)破(po)(po)壞(huai)。　　3)在高(gao)(gao)溫環境下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油因(yin)(yin)被(bei)(bei)烘干(gan)，而使(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)狀態變(bian)壞(huai)，加速(su)(su)(su)(su)了(le)(le)齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)和(he)(he)(he)破(po)(po)壞(huai)。　　4)違(wei)反(fan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)，經常(chang)反(fan)車(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，加速(su)(su)(su)(su)了(le)(le)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)。　　提高(gao)(gao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵措施是(shi)(shi)(shi)：　　提高(gao)(gao)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)精度(du)(du)(du)，加強日常(chang)檢(jian)查和(he)(he)(he)定期潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)還要遵守操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)提高(gao)(gao)，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)技術。　　起重機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：對(dui)于(yu)(yu)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)其(qi)(qi)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)為：(1)吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、破(po)(po)口(kou)，發現(xian)(xian)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)破(po)(po)口(kou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)立即更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)，不(bu)(bu)允(yun)(yun)許補焊。(2)吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)(掛繩(sheng)處(chu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到原(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。(3)吊(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉤(gou)(gou)口(kou)，鉤(gou)(gou)頸及(ji)(ji)危(wei)險截面(mian)(mian)(mian)發生(sheng)永(yong)久變(bian)形(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)；鉤(gou)(gou)口(kou)開口(kou)度(du)(du)(du)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15%應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。(4)鉤(gou)(gou)尾和(he)(he)(he)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)過(guo)渡(du)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)刀痕(hen)或(huo)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。　　引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有(you)哪(na)些(xie)？　　引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有(you):　　(1)轉子質量(liang)(liang)偏心(xin)(xin)；　　(2)定子鐵芯在機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殼內裝(zhuang)得不(bu)(bu)牢固(gu)；　　(3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)頭(tou)彎曲或(huo)裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)偏心(xin)(xin)；　　(4)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地腳螺(luo)(luo)絲(si)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；　　(5)轉子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)良，或(huo)定子繞(rao)(rao)組匝間(jian)短路(lu)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li)矩；　　(6)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)，間(jian)隙超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)允(yun)(yun)許范圍(wei)。　　外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有(you):　　(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)心(xin)(xin)；　　(2)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發生(sheng)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并(bing)傳遞(di)到與(yu)(yu)之(zhi)相聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；　　(3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底座鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛性不(bu)(bu)足。　　制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：(1)有(you)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；　　(2)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)面(mian)(mian)(mian)凹凸不(bu)(bu)平達(da)1mm或(huo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩擦傷深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)達(da)2mm；　　(3)起升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)緣(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40%　　(4)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%。　　減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)達(da)到什(shen)(shen)么(me)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：(1)齒(chi)(chi)斷及(ji)(ji)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；(2)起升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)***根(gen)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5%時(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)余(yu)各(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)齒(chi)(chi)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)內***根(gen)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)達(da)10%時(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)余(yu)各(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)達(da)30～40%時(shi)(shi)(shi)；(3)齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)點(dian)蝕(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積不(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)齒(chi)(chi)高(gao)(gao)和(he)(he)(he)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。　　啃軌造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)有(you)哪(na)些(xie)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：(1)降低(di)(di)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)軌道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)；(2)增(zeng)(zeng)大運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)阻力(li)，增(zeng)(zeng)加能(neng)耗，嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)(shi)則開不(bu)(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)；(3)由于(yu)(yu)啃軌使(shi)(shi)(shi)整臺車(che)(che)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)較(jiao)大，致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)緊固(gu)件松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也影響廠房結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)；(4)啃軌嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)爬上(shang)(shang)(shang)軌頂造(zao)成脫(tuo)軌事(shi)故。　　潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在各(ge)種類型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)以減(jian)少摩擦，保護機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)及(ji)(ji)加工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液體潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)劑，主(zhu)要起潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)、冷卻、防(fang)(fang)銹(xiu)、清潔、密封和(he)(he)(he)緩沖等作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。　　卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)什(shen)(shen)么(me)情況(kuang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)繞(rao)(rao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)、傳遞(di)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)、把旋(xuan)轉運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉換(huan)成直線(xian)(xian)(xian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)通常(chang)為圓柱形(xing)，有(you)單層卷(juan)(juan)繞(rao)(rao)和(he)(he)(he)多層卷(juan)(juan)繞(rao)(rao)兩(liang)種。一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)灰口(kou)鑄鐵，大型(xing)(xing)卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)焊成。當(dang)(dang)(dang)卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)①裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)；②卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)壁(bi)(bi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)量(liang)(liang)達(da)原(yuan)(yuan)壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。　　卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)有(you)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)允(yun)(yun)許焊接(jie)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)；磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)更(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)；砂眼、氣(qi)孔(kong)直徑(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大于(yu)(yu)8毫米(mi)，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%，且每100毫米(mi)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)1，砂眼氣(qi)孔(kong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)焊補磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)光(guang)。　　鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)列情況(kuang)之(zhi)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):　　①裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。　　②卷(juan)(juan)筒(tong)壁(bi)(bi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)量(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)來壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%。　　啃道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)？　　答(da)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：主(zhu)要原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：⑴車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)不(bu)(bu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)；⑵軌道(dao)不(bu)(bu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)；⑶傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)誤差和(he)(he)(he)卡塞；⑷車(che)(che)架偏斜、變(bian)形(xing)；⑸大梁金屬結構(gou)發生(sheng)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。